Fuel Cell Technology Options for Static Application
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History
of the Fuel Cell
William
Grove's drawing of an experimental
"gas battery" from an 1843 letter
History
of the Fuel Cell pdf file 
(55
kB)
Fig 1
How
the Fuel Cell Works pdf file (276
kB)
Table showing fuel cell types
| Fuel Cell Types | Fuel | Achieved Efficiency | Power Density | Operating Temperature | Application | Stage in Development |
| PEM | H2 | 40 - 50% | ~80°C | cars, mobile phones, stationary | commercially available | |
| Direct Methanol DMFC | Methanol, Ethanol | 0.60W/cm2 | ~80°C | cars, mobile phones | prototype | |
| Solid Oxide | H2, CH4 | 45 - 55% + cogen | 5 kW/m2 | 700°C | stationary | prototype |
| Molten Carbonate | H2, CH4 | 50 - 60% + cogen | 650°C | stationary | full scale demo | |
| Phosphoric Acid | H2 | 40 -50% | 190°C | stationary | commercially available | |
| Alkaline | H2 | 50°C | Portable/ Stationary | commercially available |